Theme of Isolation in Jane Eyre - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 514 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2019/05/18 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: Jane Eyre Essay Did you like this example? Jane Eyre, a gothic novel by Charlotte Bronte, depicts the orphan Janes experience of isolation and alienation in Gateshead Hall. She is physically locked in the red-room. The red-room, a prominent symbol in this novel, represents isolation, terror, and represents a prison for Jane. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Theme of Isolation in Jane Eyre" essay for you Create order In the first few chapters of the book, Jane describes the red-room, noticing how it was a spare chamber, very seldom slept in, and having a bed supported on massive pillars of mahogany, hung with curtains of deep red damask. Jane also described the carpet to be red, the table to be covered with a crimson cloth, the walls having a soft fawn colour, with a blush of pink in it, and the wardrobe, the toilet-table, the chairs were of darkly-polished old mahogany in order to emphasize the significant presence of the color red in that room. Red is normally referred to the color of extremes, and the color of this room represents how Jane is trapped in a dark and oppressive stage in life. This refers to the red-room symbolizing a prison for Jane because of the mistreatment and class conflicts that exist between her and the Reed family, as John called her a dependant. John implies that his family is in a higher class than Jane, and as a result of their quarrel, Jane is ordered to go to the red-room. Jane also describes her feelings in the red-room after using a disheartening tone stating I was a discord in Gateshead Hall; I was like nobody there; I had nothing in harmony with Mrs. Reed or her children, or her chosen vassalage. She also calls herself a heterogeneous thing a noxious thing, and a useless thing to portray how shes useless at Gateshead. Jane feels isolated when she used the words nobody and discord, and makes it seem like shes locked out of society also. This reveals how Jane feels out of place in Gateshead Hal l, due to the oppression she felt from the Reed family. This as a whole connects to the red-room representing Janes isolation. Finally, the red room is also a place of terror for Jane. As Jane is trapped inside the red- room, she saw a streak of light and convinced herself that it was her Uncle Reed who was rising from the grave. To support that, she mentions I thought the swift-darting beam was a herald of some coming vision from another world. This supernatural gothic experience had brought fear at the same time when Jane felt oppressed, abused, and alienated. This relates to the symbolism in the red-room because she expresses her true feelings of fear and isolation as shes in the room experiencing the rising of her Uncles ghost who wouldve saved her from trouble. This portrays violence surrounding Jane in a prison, and Jane should use this room to overcome her struggles in life and find freedom and happiness. In conclusion, the red-room is a prominent symbol that represents imprisonment, isolation, and terror, and this symbol will continue to be prominent throughout the novel as many events will take plac e.

Customer Relationship Management ( Crm ) Essay - 831 Words

CRM: Customer Satisfaction, Customer Loyalty, and Firm Profitability Customer Relationship Management (CRM) is a tool that helps track, manage and supply information about customer’s interactions with an organization to help contribute to customer satisfaction that leads to customer loyalty. Additionally, CRM programs provide tools and applications designed to target their efforts on the most profitable customers, target new potential customers, and generate sales and maintain relationships with customers contributing to a greater market share. Questions Effective CRM Programs Question 1: How can an effective Customer Relationship Management program be used to identify, retain, satisfy and retain customers? An effective Customer Relationship Management (CRM) program can be used to identify, retain, satisfy and obtain customers by using technology to optimize strategies for understanding customers’ needs to manage business interactions with current, former, and prospective customers. Additionally, CRM also enables companies to maximize internal, external, marketing and customer service operations to better address the needs of the customer building a better relationship with customers that a more profitable. (Ahmad Buttle, 2001) Using a CRM program is an effective tool to track of core customers’ needs and wants then individualize those needs with your products and services that match those needs. Moreover, the CRM program can keep track of contact,Show MoreRelatedCustomer Relationship Management (CRM)845 Words   |  3 PagesRM stands for Customer Relationship Management. It is an approach used to learn more about customers needs and manners in order to develop stronger relationships with them. Good customer relationships are at the core of business achievement. There are many technological mechanisms to CRM, but thinking about CRM in mainly technological terms is a mistake. The more useful way to think about CRM is as a calculated process that will help you better understand your customers’ needs and how you can meetRead MoreCustomer Relationship Management ( Crm )1510 Words   |  7 Pages1) Introduction: Customer Relationship Management (CRM) is a key business strategy that optimizes cust omer experience and increases service or product value. CRM represents a function that relates customer satisfaction, customer behaviour, customer value and profit of an organization. The main goal of integrating CRM software is to improve the sales functionality, such as providing real time customer data history to the sales departments. Other benefits of CRM software include improved targeted marketingRead MoreCustomer Relationship Management ( Crm )857 Words   |  4 PagesCustomer Relationship Management (CRM) The most important aspect of any company that is involved in medium to big projects, is the company’s relationship with its clients. It is so important that companies like BNSF Railways, which was awarded Customer Relationship Management Excellence Awards in 2006 by Gartner Inc. (Schwalbe, K., pp 56, 2010), boosted its sales by simply investing more in customer relationship management. To reinforce the importance of CRM, studies conducted by HUFS College ofRead MoreCustomer Relationship Management ( Crm )1583 Words   |  7 PagesChapter 2 : CRM study 2.1 Defining CRM Customer relationship management (CRM) is an approach that company’s use to manage, analyze and interact with customers. It refers to the practices, strategies and the technologies used by companies to understand the customer’s needs and behavior in order to create and build relationships with customers and to follow them throughout the customer lifecycle with a focus on increasing retaining customers with driving the sales growth. The idea of a CRM system isRead MoreCustomer Relationship Management ( Crm ) Essay1406 Words   |  6 PagesCustomer Relationship Management (CRM) may be methodology} that supports degree organization’s decision-making method to retain long-term and profitable relationships with its customers. Some define CRM as simply a business strategy whereas others define it as a data-driven approach to assess customers’ current desires and gain The common variations of CRM include: operational CRM (O-CRM); analytical CRM (A-CRM); collaborative CRM (C-CRM); e-Commerce CRM (e-CRM); and mobile CRM (m-CRM) OperationalRead MoreCustomer Relationship Management ( Crm ) Essay769 Words   |  4 Pagesare target markets, customer relationship management (CRM), technology and breakthrough opportunities, building relationships with customers, and most importantly, customer lifetime value. Target markets are part of a marketing strategy. It is a â€Å"fairly homogenous group† of customers who a company wants to appeal to (pg 33). To determine their target markets, companies look at age, location, gender and etc. For example, a firm that sells winter apparel will target customers who live in cold regionsRead MoreCustomer Relationship Management ( Crm )3159 Words   |  13 PagesCustomer Relationship Management (CRM) is a strategy for operating all your enterprise’s relationships and interactions with your clients and future clients (What is CRM.) The CRM industry has been molded by monolithic trends over its lifetime. Back in the late 90s, intranets, extranets and the internet altered CRM into more collaborative approaches. The move to cloud has transformed CRM and the relative merchant success. It has definitely encouraged several more users to implement CRM solutionsRead MoreCustomer Relationship Management ( Crm )1456 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Customer Relationship Management (CRM) is significant in the service marketing these days, customers are the major element that relates to the company growth and profits. Understanding the customer purchase behavior and relationship is a key of success that commonly indicates the B2B B2C relationship management. CRM system provides the customer information that shows what customer wants and needs, and help sales person to increase the customer relationship with the organizationRead MoreCustomer Relationship Management ( Crm )1223 Words   |  5 PagesCustomer relationship management (CRM) is an essential part of every modern business. At the beginning of 21st century, the customer power dramatically increased due to Internet and technology development. The objectives of CRM are to build profitable and long-term relationships with customers. CRM is a complete system that provides a 360-degree view of the customer. It is also a method that tends to capture the experience of the consumers, and gain their trust to remain loyal customers. It is alsoRead MoreCustomer Relationship Management ( Crm )869 Words   |  4 Pageswhat the customer wants from them. Many companies have come to realize that customers and the service they receive are very important in expanding their brand. Because of that recognition, most businesses of the twenty-first century have developed customer relationship management (CRM) initiatives to better relate to their customer bases. What does customer relationship management (CRM) mean? Kurtz defines CRM as a set of strategies and tools that companies use to learn about customers (Kurtz, 2015

The Spanish Conquest and the Aztec Culture free essay sample

A descriptive essay showing through fictitious newspaper articles and other media sources the Spanish conquest on Mexico and the character of the local Aztecs. The author of this paper uses an original style to produce this essay which brings across the story of Spaniard Hernan Cortezs conquest of Mexico and the local Aztecs with which he fought. By conducting an interview with the Chronicler Juan de Pomar and Hernan Cortez and writing an article about Cortezs success in the Mexican conquest, the paper gives an overall picture of the events of the 1519 era and the culture of the Aztec people. Montecuhzoma allowed Cortez and his men into Tenochtitlan, which was not his normal policy of caution. Great diplomatic overtures were made on both sides, and at first the two warring parties almost seemed as though they might find peace. Unfortunately that was not to be. The Spaniards were coarse, ignorant of local customs, and rude. We will write a custom essay sample on The Spanish Conquest and the Aztec Culture or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page They cared little for protocols and pleasantries. In the end, this disregard for the Aztec culture may have been what created their successful attacks and eventual takeover of Tenochtitlan- while the Aztecs were sacrificing warriors to their gods during battle, the Spaniards were killing them off in large numbers.

Violent blasts Essay Example For Students

Violent blasts Essay The language that Dickens uses in the first chapter is also very effective in setting the scene. When Dickens is describing the gravestones of all of Pips siblings. The content of his writing contains a lot of description and makes the introduction of Great Expectations very dense, which will foreshadow the events between Pip and the escaped convict.  Another feature Dickens uses in the first chapter of Great Expectations is the way he refers to Magwitch as the man. Dickens also helps the reader relate to the Victorian attitudes of the criminal class by making have no identity. A sense of mystery is also created when Dickens refers to Magwitch as a man as this makes him seem as if he as no identity. His poor language and dialect tells the reader that he is a man with little education and with little money. We will write a custom essay on Violent blasts specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now He uses this with the description of Magwitch to dehumanise him and make him seem like an animal. Glared and growled imply that he is wild and animal-like. Licking his lips also helps portray an untamed and savage creature. An example of this is A fearful man, all in coarse grey, with a great iron on his leg. Dickens is relating Magwitch to an animal which shows how desperate he is. Young dog and Licking his lips both demonstrate that the convict is barely surviving and would think about eating Pip. It portrays the scene very well as it adds to the tension and Magwitchs power over Pip as he uses threats to get what he wants. Dickens opens Great Expectations by jumping the readers straight into the conflict of the novel and establishes Pip as both the narrator and the protagonist. The approach of duality allows the audience to connect to Pip in a very personal way. Dickens lets Pips perceptions carry the audience into the story as he defines the characters and events through Pip. He is successful in making the audience believe that Magwitch is a terrifying character. He overpowers Pip with the savage language that Dickens has applied, You young dog, said the man and Darn me if I couldnt eat em. Magwitch acts as if he wants to eat Pip and threatens him it. At the opening of chapter thirty-nine Pip is alone in his house in London and it is a miserable and stormy night. Dickens now uses the weather to portray the misery and dread of the forthcoming events. Although Pip is in a state of depression, there is still a sense of tension in the atmosphere. He is in a lot of debt and his uninvited guest helps him to realise and reflect on what he has done. Pips relationship with Magwitch also progressing throughout this chapter as Dickens gradually lets Pip come to terms with his secret benefactor. This realization emphasises one of the themes in Great Expectations in regards to social class. At the beginning of chapter thirty-nine Dickens makes Pips surroundings seem like they are foreshadowing the arrival of the convict. The writer uses pathetic fallacy to show Pips emotions, which are the most disheartening of his life. Dispirited and anxious, and long disappointed shows the reader that he is unhappy and he has not got what he had wanted. This could also suggest that he is realising his morally wrong conduct in his life so far. The storm is a sign of a low depression, which causes thunderstorms; this can then be seen to reflect on Pips state of mind. There are also aspects of this chapter, which look back on previous chapters including chapter one where Pip and Magwitch met for the first time. The discharge of the cannon hints that Magwitch is due to arrive because it was this, which the gun ships did to signify that a convict has escaped which added a sense of foreboding. Dickens also uses the heavy veil to show a symbol of depression, which is also mentioned in chapter one. The Vast heavy veil also suggests that something concealed is about to be revealed which relates to Magwitchs arrival. Both settings of chapter thirty-nine and one were of gothic elements as they were dark and mysterious. The weather adds to the unsettling atmosphere of tension. .u8e9a19ac63c98b44124cdf7855f9b1b5 , .u8e9a19ac63c98b44124cdf7855f9b1b5 .postImageUrl , .u8e9a19ac63c98b44124cdf7855f9b1b5 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u8e9a19ac63c98b44124cdf7855f9b1b5 , .u8e9a19ac63c98b44124cdf7855f9b1b5:hover , .u8e9a19ac63c98b44124cdf7855f9b1b5:visited , .u8e9a19ac63c98b44124cdf7855f9b1b5:active { border:0!important; } .u8e9a19ac63c98b44124cdf7855f9b1b5 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u8e9a19ac63c98b44124cdf7855f9b1b5 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u8e9a19ac63c98b44124cdf7855f9b1b5:active , .u8e9a19ac63c98b44124cdf7855f9b1b5:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u8e9a19ac63c98b44124cdf7855f9b1b5 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u8e9a19ac63c98b44124cdf7855f9b1b5 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u8e9a19ac63c98b44124cdf7855f9b1b5 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u8e9a19ac63c98b44124cdf7855f9b1b5 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u8e9a19ac63c98b44124cdf7855f9b1b5:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u8e9a19ac63c98b44124cdf7855f9b1b5 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u8e9a19ac63c98b44124cdf7855f9b1b5 .u8e9a19ac63c98b44124cdf7855f9b1b5-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u8e9a19ac63c98b44124cdf7855f9b1b5:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Ibsen's plays EssaySuspense is also created through Dickenss use of longer sentences in chapter thirty-nine. This increases the tension of the atmosphere, which helps make the convicts visit more dramatic. They exaggerate the true meaning of the sentences in order to do this. The writer also makes the house more threatening through a sense of gothic literature. The dark and stormy night suggest that the house is even more imposing which can be related to Pips current feelings. Gloomy, Violent blasts and shipwreck and death help illustrate a sinister and gothic scene in London. His decay of moral character is reflected through these themes. Dickens also uses thought, repeti tion and description to add to the sense of an intimidating atmosphere, which is building up the tension. Once Pip has let the convict into his house, the truth finally sinks into him. His wishes to end up with Estella are destroyed because he realises who was feeding him all the money. Im your second father. Youre my son-, this tells the reader how Magwitch sees himself and that there was a good motif behind his scheme. This is a clear turning point in Great Expectations as it has extinguished Pips belief concerning his social class. The money has come from a criminal, which makes Pip interpret that he is almost a fake gentlemen.

The Treatment of Shylock in The Merchant of Venice essays

The Treatment of Shylock in The Merchant of Venice essays The treatment of Shylock in The Merchant of Venice has long been a controversial issue. In the context of the play, Shylock hates Antonio and seeks his revenge in an unusual and even garish way by demanding a pound of flesh. Any villain would be seen as extremely villainous for that sort of behavior, but the villainy of Shylock has been tied to the idea that the play is saying his villainy derives from his being Jewish. In fact, such a view ignores the comic nature of the play itself and also the way Shakespeare gives Shylock real motivations for his actions and treats him more as a human being than would be likely if this were an anti-Semitic stance. First, Shylock in The Merchant of Venice has a number of reasons for hating Antonio and for seeking revenge on him and those Shylock sees as like him. Shylock is a Jew, and he believes he is shunned and hated by Christians. This alone differentiates his treatment in the play from an anti-Semitic rant, for Shakespeare recognizes that society does often demonize the Jew and that such a judgment is unfair, so much so as to become a self-fulfilling prophecy. He further discovers that his daughter, Jessica, has eloped with Lorenzo and intends to convert to Christianity herself. These events come on the heels of all the other reasons he detests Antoniobecause Antonio lends money and does not charge interest, because Antonio has denigrated him in the past, and because Antonio is a Christian. Tubal is his friend and brings him news that Antonio's ship has disappeared. He also has been asked to find out about Jessica but at this point has learned nothing new. Shylock speaks of everything in terms of money, and this includes his daughter: "A diamond gone, cost me two thousand ducats in Frankfort!" (III.i.77). The news that his daughter has not been found is coupled here with news that Antonio's ship has been lost, linking his anger over his daughter with the man he will try to ...

Author Lane Ashfeldt on the Changing Role of Editors

Author Lane Ashfeldt on the Changing Role of Editors The changing role of editors - An interview with Lane Ashfeldt â€Å"We tend to associate independent publishing with early-career writers getting their first break, since this is the kind of story that has tended to grab the headlines. But another significant group of authors choosing to self-publish are mid-career writers whose contracts for certain titles have expired.†We say on our homepage that our Reedsy professionals â€Å"know the publishing landscape better than a writer knows the taste of hot coffee†. So we like to regularly have their take on it. Today, we interview Lane Ashfeldt, a UK-based freelance editor who has worked both for a small press and directly with authors. She shares her insights on the ever-changing role of editors - whether in-house or freelance - and on the opportunity self-publishing represents for writers (even â€Å"mainstream† ones).Hi Lane, great to have you here. You’re one of our fiction editors on Reedsy and have been freelance for around 4 years. How did you start your editing career?Thanks for asking me Ricardo. I got into fiction by accident, planning to move on, but it stuck. For six years I edited short stories and novels for an indie press, in a variety of styles from crime to literary. I later started writing myself, and taught writing at a UK university.What prompted you to go freelance as an editor?When my book of my stories, SaltWater, was in edits I blogged about the process and some ex-students who had carried on writing after their courses got in contact asking if I’d look at their novels. I couldn’t say no.How do you find having the writer as your employer?I’ve never really thought of it that way. Reedsy refers to editing projects as collaborations and I think this hits the right note, though of course in this context the author is ultimately in control of the process. Which is as it should be - it is their book. I suggest edits, and explain why, but it’s up to the writer whether they choose to act on them. It†™s a very cooperative thing. It’s also private. I don’t identify titles that I’ve edited freelance. (The titles on my Reedsy profile are from a regular job before I went freelance.)Do you see any parallels between your freelance editorial projects now, and when you were a full time editor?I enjoy working direct with authors, and this aspect is very similar. As a commissioning editor I’d meet authors and see their books through from manuscript to hard copy. Now it is more usual to work remotely via electronic means, and generally I only work on the text unless asked for input on submissions or electronic publication routes. One key similarity is, it’s very result-driven – it is all about finishing a piece of fiction, be it for print or ebook publication. Another aspect in common with my experience as a professional novel and short story editor is that over time you build relationships with certain authors and a knowledge of their strengths. It is rewarding when an author asks you to work on multiple projects as the dialogue becomes more fruitful.You have taught creative writing. How does that compare with editing?There is some commonality. But because advanced level university students need to write dissertations and conduct research, there’s a necessary interest, pedagogically, in the process of creative writing; this can distract from the task at hand, ie finishing the book. With project editing, the emphasis is not on â€Å"how to,† if you like, but on getting it done. To as high a standard as possible, obviously.With the explosion in self-publishing, do you feel the role of editors is changing?In the present era of publishing everything is negotiable. Some editors are strong on marketing, some act as curators whose job is to uncover the Next Big Thing in their sphere of interest, some are very much a cog working within the corporate constraints of a major brand. As a full-time editor, I worked with a n indie press. Generally in smaller presses roles are more flexible. Editors may do both copy editing and commissioning  - perhaps also have a say in the design, typesetting, marketing, and PR. Commissioning editors with bigger houses are rarely this hands-on. Often they operate more on the level of curators whose intake is limited to people they know and a group of agents their company has history with, taking on finished projects that someone else (an agent, a professor in creative writing, a literary consultancy, the author) has edited and polished. You could say they operate less as editors (in the conventional sense of the word), more as a gateway to the production and marketing machine behind their brand.But with the increasing variety of publication routes open to writers, there is space for all sorts of editorial approaches to co-exist. Recent projects I’ve worked on as a freelance editor illustrate this - some went on to be self-published, others are taking the ag ent / traditional publication route.Is it still possible to land an agent or publisher with an unedited manuscript?I am sure there are examples out there. The best writers are excellent editors of their own work, and this was true even in the days when some of the editing processes took place heh-hemming over dictation to a secretary. But if hiring a freelance editor adds perspective and strengthens your writing, it is a step worth taking.How do you see the publishing industry evolving in the next few years? Now that independent publishing has been established as a valid option, are more traditionally published authors going to try it?Lots of traditionally published writers have already experimented with publishing their work independently. It skewed towards US-based writers to start with, perhaps because the terms offered to US writers were more favorable, but that is beginning to even up. Both European and US authors working directly with Amazon can now access a royalty of 70% of the cover price on their titles (as against c. 7% working through a publisher) which increases the chance that authors may choose this route.We tend to associate independent publishing with early-career writers getting their first break since this is the kind of story that has managed to grab the headlines. But another significant group of authors choosing to self-publish are mid-career writers whose contracts for individual titles have expired. They are sitting on out-of-print (and professionally edited) novels that readers want to read - maybe even want to reread on ebook, having lost the hard copy - and it is not a lot of work to put up the files on self-publishing websites. A couple of examples: Philip Casey and Jeff Noon. Like Casey, Noon recently had new covers made for all his books and re-released them, along with his new ebook Channel Skin. No doubt there are others - perhaps especially writers whose ebook rights were never optioned first time around.You are a published wri ter, so I expect you love writing. What is the best thing about editing?For me, it is a similar buzz to writing. I enjoy editing. I love the intensity of it, the fact that you can lose yourself in the work, think about nothing else. Just words, and how they fit together. How they unfold to reveal a story.Thanks a lot for your time, Lane!  Follow Lane and Reedsy on Twitter: @Ashfeldt  and  @ReedsyHQDo you feel like the role of editors has changed? Is it worth it to work with a freelance editor before submitting your MS to agents and publishers? Leave us your thoughts, or any question for Lane, in the comments below!

A Critique of Federal Agencies Prior to the September 11 Essay

A Critique of Federal Agencies Prior to the September 11 - Essay Example Several agents are criticised for having failed to effective and efficient in preventing terrorism acts, some of these agents discussed in this paper include the FBI, the INS, CIA, immigration department and the FAA.In February 1993 a bomb exploded under the twin towers and the FBI arrested proprietors of the act including Mohammed Salameh and Nidal Ayyad who were convicted, however it was clear that these were not the only individuals who plotted the bombing, (NCTA report (2004) page 74)In the department of justice countering terrorism is under the FBI, before the 9/11 bombing the special agents in FBI field offices were free to set priorities and assign officers appropriately. To avoid duplication each office worked on different cases. The organisation of the FBI was organised in such a way that they did not put much effort on counter terrorism activities and this was due to two reasons. (NCTA report (2004) Page 74)Performance in the FBI was determined by the number of arrests and prosecutions, this made special agents to concentrate more on domestic crimes rather than terrorism because counter terrorism work involved lengthy investigation that in the long run would not yield positive results. This also made individual officers to concentrate much on domestic crimes such as drug crimes and gang crimes. (NCTA report (2004) Page 74)... ffice of origin concept, this means that a field office was assigned a specific case, this meant that if a field office was concentrating on a certain case the other officers would be working on other cases, the New York office was assigned the Bin Laden case following the east Africa bombing. As a result of this individual officers were less concerned with the Bin Laden case and this meant that the New York office held all the information regarding al Qaeda. (NCTA report (2004) Page 74) Louise Freeh was appointed as the director of the FBI in 1993, he brought changes in the to bureau including decentralisation, after the 1993 bombing Freeh created a division in the bureau that would concentrate mainly on counterterrorism, the FBI counterterrorism division budget tripled but in 1998 and 2000 the counterterrorism budget remained relatively constant, this meant that the bureau did not concentrate on emphasising more on terrorism, the other problem that arose is that the budget allocated to this new department would be reprogrammed for use in other cases, this was also evident where twice as many individuals in the bureau concentrated on local crimes. (NCTA report (2004) Page 76) This new division was supposed to provide new information that the FBI did not have, however the new division was treated as one that provided assistance to the existing case, the recruitment was done within the FBI and the bureau failed to recruit individuals with relevant education to help in analysis of terrorism, for this reason therefore the creation of the division would not meet the main objective which was to counter terrorism. (NCTA report (2004) Page 77) The FBI also faced some legal constraints in investigating international terrorism, the 1978 congress enacted the foreign

Investment Decisions and Financial statement Analysis on Facebook Inc Essay

Investment Decisions and Financial statement Analysis on Facebook Inc - Essay Example The ratios such as efficiency, liquidity, profitability and leverage are calculated so as to depict whether Amazon is the right company to invest the lump sum amount of money that is received by Hector. The findings revealed that the financial condition of Amazon is weak with respect to its competitors such as eBay Inc. Hence, the investment decision in the shares of Amazon is not wise for Hector and it is further assured by the share price analysis of the company. Amazon.com Inc. is regarded as the most popular American online retailer, which aims at selling various products and services over online platform through subsidiaries. The company has its operation in about 11 counties and also ships its products and services internationally (Amazon.com, Inc., 2014a). The company has grown steadily over the past few years and has been the one of the best online retailers in the world. The mission of Amazon is to become the most consumer-centric company in the world by providing right type of products and services to the customers online at lowest possible prices (Amazon.com, Inc., 2014a). The company employs the mission as the vision and thus makes it less valuable for a communication tool. They aim at providing the best quality products to its customers by employing the latest technology. This helps the company to acquire loyal customers and also maintain the interest of the shareholders even after maintaining its profit (Amazon.com, Inc., 2014a). Amazon has several team worldwide, who are working for the customers. These teams provide reliable and fast shipping directly from the retail website of the company that deliver 24X7 services. Moreover, the technology team of Amazon is located in Seattle and is designed in such a manner that it can be tapped as the best technical talent in the world (Amazon.com, Inc., 2014a). The company employs multi-level strategies for targeting its customers. It focuses on building business-to-consumer

A Review of the Role of Entrepreneurship in Stimulating Economic Growth Essay Example for Free

A Review of the Role of Entrepreneurship in Stimulating Economic Growth Essay They also further states that entrepreneurs have been responsible for growth and development over the centuries and are identified as the key role players in the economy of every country. The paper identifies the different definitions of an entrepreneur which are identified as the different channels in which entrepreneurship lead to economic growth, reduced unemployment and increased levels of income among countries. As a result of the role of entrepreneurship in any country, most countries emphasises on integrating entrepreneurial activity in its economic policy. A discussion is made on developing economies mainly South Africa, China, Brazil and Russia comparing the entrepreneurial activity within the economies. Economic growth is best defined as a long-term expansion of the productive potential of the economy. It is measured by the comparing the difference between the Gross National Product (GNP) in a year with the GNP of the previous year. A growing economy is when the difference is positive. The term simply refers to an increase in the ability to produce goods and services. It is easier to define unemployment when there is an understanding of the term economic growth. Unemployment refers to when a person who is actively searching for employment cannot find work to do. This is an instrument used to determine the healthiness of an economy. After knowing the levels of unemployment in an economy, determining the level of income distribution becomes a bit projected. The level of income in an economy refers to the way in which in money is distributed among the population in an economy. The above three defined terms has a link to each other. The level of economic growth have a direct proportional influence on the possible jobs available in the economy while a reciprocal relationship exist between the level of income in the particular economy and levels of unemployment. The level of income is directly proportional to economic growth. Also, the level of unemployment is directly proportional to the level of income in an economy. However, all the above aspects are influenced by the level of entrepreneurship in the particular economy. An economy with high activity of entrepreneurship is more likely to be characterized by high economic growth, reducing levels of unemployment and increasing levels of income while an economy with low entrepreneurial activity on the other hand can be characterized by low economic growth, high levels of unemployment and low levels of income. Entrepreneurship cannot be separated from the following terms â€Å"economic growth†, â€Å"employment† and â€Å"country income level distribution† as all the entrepreneurial activities contribute largely to economic growth, levels of employment and income distribution. Different nature of entrepreneurs stimulates the growth of an economy in different ways. In any country with high levels of entrepreneurial activities or which experienced high entrepreneurial activity, the economy tends to be of middle to high income and the unemployment levels tend to be decreasing if not low. However, economies with low income distribution are characterised by low entrepreneurial activities and mostly, there are significant levels of unemployment. Such low income economies have high records of poverty which leads them to seek donors. Different authors made contributions on this topic and this paper compares and links the information obtained into a comprehensive review. The term entrepreneurship has been defined by Schumpeter (1934) as lying in the perceptions and exploration of new opportunities in the realm of business. He further states that it always has to do with bringing about a different use of resources in that they are withdrawn from their traditional employ and subjected to new combinations. Schumpeter relates entrepreneurship to be influenced by entrepreneurs who are innovative and hese people have to be extra-ordinary as they have to come up with extra-ordinary events. They come up with new technological possibilities hence are able to establish large businesses from these. Carland etal. (1984) confirms that an entrepreneur is someone innovative and further says that he or she employs strategic management practices in the business. Timmons (2000) believes entrepreneurship as the process of creating a nd seizing an opportunity and pursuing it, regardless of resources currently controlled. Nieman and Nieuwenhuizen (2009) define an entrepreneur as the person who sees an opportunity in the market, gathers resources and creates and grows a business venture to meet these needs. They also further states that he or she bears risk of the venture and is rewarded with profit if it succeed. With different definitions of entrepreneurship defined by different authors through the way they define an entrepreneur, the researcher generally defines entrepreneurship as the act of being an entrepreneur who establishes business through the organisation of resources taking risk with the aim of realising profit. The Schumpeterian entrepreneur as defined above is innovative. In support for this, Curran and Stanworth (1989) defines entrepreneurship as the creation of new economic entity centred on a novel product or service or, or at the very least, one which differs significantly from products or services offered elsewhere in the market. Such entrepreneurs play a very crucial role in stimulating economic growth. They come up with huge organisations which can be monopolies in the economy. With the nature of big businesses, they would be more likely to produce large volumes of product increasing the GNP thereby contributing significantly to economic growth. With their capacity to produce large volumes, such organisation would take considerable number of employees hence reducing unemployment. By employing people, such entrepreneurs contribute to the increased levels of income in an economy. Another author Kirzner presents a different way in which entrepreneurship can be influenced by an entrepreneur through the way he defines an entrepreneur. According to Kirzner, the entrepreneur is someone who is alert to profitable opportunities for exchange. Such an entrepreneur believes in gathering the needed information, refining and providing it to those in need of it. Such entrepreneurs act as intermediaries for example between suppliers and customers. They are also very important in the growth of an economy as they facilitate inception, incubation of businesses through the provision of supportive information. The information they provide acts as a catalyst into venturing into business and builds confidence to emerging businesses. Emerging businesses require business support for them to have high chances of success hence the Kirzner entrepreneur makes the perfect match for such new businesses whose success lies on business support services. Such an entrepreneur can offer business support services such as business counselling, business mentoring and business incubation.

To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee :: To Kill a Mockingbird Essays

To Kill a Mockingbird is set in the town of Maycomb, Alabama. The story is told through the eyes of Jean Louise "Scout" Finch, who is the age of six in the beginning of the tale. She tells the story in sequential order for the period of three summers. Jean Louise ‘Scout’ Finch She narrates the story describing her life between the ages of six and nine.   She is a tomboy and well educated, mainly due to her father, and she has an optimistic view of the world and people around her. She lives with her widowed father, older brother and their black cook. Atticus Finch Scout’s father is a lawyer in Maycomb and is descended from a well-respected local family. He has had to raise his children alone and has instilled in them a strong sense of morality and fair play.   During the 1930’s there were great problems between the races, and he was one of the few committed to attaining equality for both blacks and whites.   He agrees to defend a local black man charged with rape which exposing himself and his family to anger from the white community. Jeremy Atticus ‘Jem’ Finch Scout’s brother is four years her senior, but is her constant playmate at the beginning of the story.   Towards the end of the tale he moves into adolescence and is shaken badly by the evil and injustice, which he witnesses during the trial of Tom Robinson. Tom Robinson A black sharecropper who is accused of rape of a white woman, a member of the Ewell clan. Calpurnia The old family cook of the Finch family, she is a stern disciplinarian and provides a link between the white world of the children and her own black community. Arthur ‘Boo’ Radley A recluse who has never set foot outside his house for fifteen years who becomes a source of intrigue for the children, adding fuel to their fertile imaginations. The Characters seem very real to me . The situations and lessons learn in the book ,seem as if I was there myself. Also the framing of the black man, shows the racism that I've read about in other books. Also what I've experienced myself before. The main conflicts of the story involve Tom Robinson and Boo Radley. Boo has been shut away from the world by his father and then later his brother through an incident which occurred fifteen years earlier when he stabbed his father with a pair of scissors. To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee :: To Kill a Mockingbird Essays To Kill a Mockingbird is set in the town of Maycomb, Alabama. The story is told through the eyes of Jean Louise "Scout" Finch, who is the age of six in the beginning of the tale. She tells the story in sequential order for the period of three summers. Jean Louise ‘Scout’ Finch She narrates the story describing her life between the ages of six and nine.   She is a tomboy and well educated, mainly due to her father, and she has an optimistic view of the world and people around her. She lives with her widowed father, older brother and their black cook. Atticus Finch Scout’s father is a lawyer in Maycomb and is descended from a well-respected local family. He has had to raise his children alone and has instilled in them a strong sense of morality and fair play.   During the 1930’s there were great problems between the races, and he was one of the few committed to attaining equality for both blacks and whites.   He agrees to defend a local black man charged with rape which exposing himself and his family to anger from the white community. Jeremy Atticus ‘Jem’ Finch Scout’s brother is four years her senior, but is her constant playmate at the beginning of the story.   Towards the end of the tale he moves into adolescence and is shaken badly by the evil and injustice, which he witnesses during the trial of Tom Robinson. Tom Robinson A black sharecropper who is accused of rape of a white woman, a member of the Ewell clan. Calpurnia The old family cook of the Finch family, she is a stern disciplinarian and provides a link between the white world of the children and her own black community. Arthur ‘Boo’ Radley A recluse who has never set foot outside his house for fifteen years who becomes a source of intrigue for the children, adding fuel to their fertile imaginations. The Characters seem very real to me . The situations and lessons learn in the book ,seem as if I was there myself. Also the framing of the black man, shows the racism that I've read about in other books. Also what I've experienced myself before. The main conflicts of the story involve Tom Robinson and Boo Radley. Boo has been shut away from the world by his father and then later his brother through an incident which occurred fifteen years earlier when he stabbed his father with a pair of scissors.

Analysis of Robert Frost On A Tree Fallen Across the Road Essay

In Robert Frost’s English sonnet, â€Å"On a Tree Fallen across the Road†, Frost uses imagery, alliteration, metaphors, personification, and symbols to portray his theme. Frost uses all of these literate devices to bring out his point in the poem; overcoming obstacles. He believes that we will always face struggles in life and come across unexpected surprises that may or may not be good. This does not mean that this will stop us in our tracks, but will help shape us into better human beings by giving us choices. He also believes that as humans we have hidden in us the motivation to strive to get what we want in life and where we want to be by making these difficult decisions. The way Frost portrays this main theme in a 14 line poem about a fallen tree helps readers see that the poem is actually not about a tree, but overcoming life’s important decisions. In the first stanza Frost sets the setting with imagery of â€Å"The tree the tempest with a crash of wood† with alliteration in the words ‘tree’ and ‘tempest’. The imagery Frost conveys is of a fallen tree that has been knocked over by a violent, windy storm in which paints a picture in the head of the readers of a dirt road with a giant, dead oak tree strewn across it. The road symbolizes life and as you go through this path of life you are faced with these obstacles and choices of whether or not to change course or push through. The last line of the stanza is saying that these obstacles are not there to make us struggle, but they are there to help us find out who we are as people. I think that Frost used a tree as the main symbol for the poem because when people think of fallen trees they think of a giant tree that when it has fallen down it is hard to move or even get around without deciding what action to do next. That does not mean that it cannot be done though; just like our choices we face may seem impossible at the time, but when we just take a step back we can see that there is more than one option than just giving up. The second stanza goes on to explore the idea of how people are faced with tough decisions on a daily basis, but it is up to us to decide which path we take. Frosts uses the metaphor of Mother Nature, ‘she’, trying to halt our driving by putting a tree in the road, but in deeper meaning Frost is saying that there are many challenges out there that just show up in front of us and the only thing we can do is survive it. He also uses personification with that same line by introducing ‘she’, Mother Nature, will make things happen, but Mother Nature is not a real person and cannot do something like that. This adds to the sonnet by helping people connect and imagine a big snow storm that can temporarily stop someone in their tracks before it melts or someone clears the snow. Frost then goes back to the image of the tree â€Å"Debating what to do without an ax. †; the ax symbolizes a device that is not readily at your service. Whenever you come across a fallen tree there is no guarantee that you will have an ax with you, so you must improvise and decide how you will move past this tree. This is parallel to the idea of not having the best option presented in front of you when you are forced to make a choice, but if you dig deeper then you may find the best option that will work for you, just like finding a new path around the tree. During the last stanza Frost goes back to ‘she’, Mother Nature, â€Å"knowing obstruction† that the attempt is fruitless to stop the will of the people’s journey. This is where he backs up his whole idea of not being presented with a solution â€Å"We will not be put off the final goal We have it hidden in us to attain†, no matter what obstruction we are faced with, choice we have to make, or obstacle we are stuck with, we will always find a way to get past it because it is hidden in us. Another metaphor is used when Frost writes â€Å"Not though we have to seize earth by the pole†, not as in we literally need to grab the pole of the earth, but by grabbing life by the reigns and taking charge of your own life and steering it onto the path that you want. Frost uses the pole of the earth as an image for the readers to envision because the earth is massive compared to us and no matter the size of earth or the problem we can grab ahold of it and lead it in the direction that we want. Frost then ends his sonnet with a couplet that reiterates the idea of not giving up on overcoming the difficult obstacles. People get tired of going around in aimless circles, trying to find the best option and falling short of their goal, but what they really need to do is just focus on what is right in front of them and ‘steer straight’ as Frost would say. Sometimes people need to take a step back and actually look at the problem that is right in front of them because they can get too caught up in the idea of finding a solution and not thinking about the actual problem at hand. Frost uses multiple metaphors and imagery to help his readers envision exactly what he is trying to convey. Even the title â€Å"On a Tree Fallen across the Road† is imagery. As soon as readers read it they envision a giant oak tree blocking their path and their first instinct is to ask themselves, â€Å"What do I do now? † Some may cut it up and use the wood for other use and some might just turn around and find a different way to go to their destination. When you are faced with multiple different options it is hard to decide what to do, but Frost believes that no matter what Mother Nature throws at us we can handle it because we have the ability hidden in us that comes out when we need it to.

Epistemology and Knowledge Essay

Epistemology, or the study of knowledge, requires the scholar analyze the what, how, and why’s of their own knowledge. Asking these questions of themselves is essentially applying that which they have learned. There are different origins of knowledge as conceptualized by philosophers, educators, and scientists. Early philosophers defined knowledge as â€Å"justified true belief† (Cooper, pg. 23). In order for an individual to know something it must be true, he or she must believe it, and the belief in it must be justified or rationally reasonable. Later, early modern philosophers required knowledge to be proven and absolute. The scientific method was employed to provide proof for ideas and beliefs. The means by which knowledge is acquired varies. Feldman cites sources of knowledge as perception, expert testimony, memory, reasoning, and introspection (Feldman, 2003). As an educator, instructing primary age students on a daily basis, I must not only have great insight into what I believe, but I also must have insight into my student’s knowledge as well. Instructors need to know a number of things about their students, such as: Do the students have adequate prior knowledge to understand the new material being presented? Are the students sufficiently motivated to engage in the cognitive tasks required of them? Does the information fit an existing scheme of knowledge or will it require some alteration of current understanding? Understanding what my student know and at what depth they are able to apply that knowledge guides my instruction. My natural curiosity, a natural inclination for question, and a need for answers motivate the search for explanations. Knowledge and wisdom give an understanding of our position, role, and function in the world. Achterbergh and Vriens (2002) stated, â€Å"The role of knowledge in generating appropriate actions is that it serves as a background for articulating possible courses of action (articulation), for judging whether courses of action will yielded the intended result and for using this judgment in selecting among them (selection), for deciding how actions should be implemented and for actually implementing action (implementation)† (pg. 223). Knowledge enables interpretation of experiences, predictions of consequences, and provides the ability to make informed decisions. My own personal epistemology is a product of each of these views. Personal experiences have a major influence on beliefs and should be an acceptable source of knowledge but not the only consideration when acquiring knowledge. There is also a place for the scientific method which offers proven data to base knowledge. For me, knowledge is a product of reasoning (Feldman, 2003). I derive knowledge from information imported through different modes and from various sources, such as personal experiences, advice from experts, and data. These inputs of information are cognitively processed and filtered with the reference to past experience and prior knowledge to become new â€Å"justified true beliefs† (Cooper, ). Thus, knowledge acquisition is a process involving the collection of raw data or information, reasoning, and judgment making. For example, after my students have taken a test, I look at the data, think about the patterns in the data, or the lack of a pattern using prior knowledge and experiences as a filter. Finally, I decide what my next step or strategy will be. Do I need to reteach the subject because the pattern suggests that most of my students did not fully understand the skill or concept? Or do I move on to another more complex skill or concept because my students have proven themselves knowledgeable? It is in this way that I acquire knowledge and apply that knowledge to planning lessons for my students. Many of my colleagues rely solely on the scientific method to make decisions in regards to student learning. They are satisfied with looking at a spreadsheet full of data and believe that it tells the complete story in regards to students. They are also under the assumption that scores derived from a series of multiple choice tests given on a set of skills will reveal if a student has acquired the desired knowledge. Basing grades on these tests is also appropriate. I do not believe that this tells the full story of my student’s knowledge. These tests may demonstrate the ability to regurgitate this knowledge within a certain context, but out of this context this may not be true. I do, however, use this data to help inform many of my decisions, however, I do not make decisions based exclusively on this data. There must be a balance  of reasoning, using my 16 years of experiences and training, as well as raw data tells a more complete story of my student’s knowledge and abilities. I have worked for Porterville Unified School District (PUSD), in Porterville, California, my entire career. PUSD’s vision and mission statements read as follows: â€Å"PUSD students will have the skills and knowledge to be prepared for college and career and to make a positive impact in a dynamic global society. The mission of PUSD is to provide students a dynamic, engaging and effective educational experience that prepares them with the skills to be productive citizens in a global society. † As a result, it is perceived that all students will develop and demonstrate â€Å"critical thinking and problem solving skills; cultural awareness and the ability of collaborate with diverse groups; effective communication skills of listening, speaking and writing; creativity and innovation; leadership, self-management and organizational skills obtained through real world applications and community involvement; (and) the ability to navigate the global world of work and further their education (Porterville, 2012). † Porterville Unified (PUSD) has given explicit expectations for what students should know at the end of their educational career with the district, how students get to these end goals is a little less clear and left to the judgment of the teachers. There are some expectations of teachers and lessons presented to students given by the district. Many professional development hours have been spent on instructing teachers about the specific things that administrators will look for as they do brief observations of classroom instruction. The expectations include teaching explicitly to the essential standards; posting of the essential standard being taught; 80% student engagement during the lesson; display of exemplary work; higher order questioning and thinking skills. Administrators collect this data and share it with grade levels and school wide to help teachers focus on areas that are lacking. Administrator walk-throughs give a quick snap shot of the type of teaching and learning taking place during a lesson and they help to build a holistic picture of the teaching methods and resources being used (Hetzner, 2011). PUSD has placed an emphasis on the strategies needed for effective lessons and, in turn, effective student learning. As a 4th grade teacher for Porterville Unified School District, my task is to create daily lesson plans that serve to guide me as I teach my students. My first step in creating these lessons is to determine my student’s level of prior knowledge. I can accomplish this by looking at formal and informal assessments and data. Observation of this data gives me a better understanding of what my next steps with my student should be. In some cases, I need to go back and reteach skills, while in other cases I can teach my students a new skill. I have to make an informed decision as to what cognitive level I need to teach to next. Awareness of how my students are performing as well as where I need to be as far as pacing and staying on track to get through all the skills needed to be taught within the year are vital to my daily task as a 4th grade teacher. As I compare my personal epistemology with that of my district, I realize that I spend more time assessing data after the lesson has been taught while the district places more emphasis on data collected during a lesson. Both of these approaches are valuable and, in fact, the district does place value on the end result (i. e. State test scores), however, there is little action that can take place after the end of the year data is collected. PUSD has placed and emphasis on good instruction because they see it as the road to a good education, as well as, the skills and goals they have set in the mission and vision statements. Our epistemologies align in that we both rely on the research of experts. I trust, as does PUSD, that the data given by experts is valuable to our own knowledge and it should guide how I teach my students. The district also views its teachers as experts in the field and has given many freedoms in the presentation and uses of resources when teaching students. As I reflect on my school districts focus as compared to me I realize that even though our epistemologies are not exactly aligned we are aligned in our focus of the students. Students come first. That means I will use whichever strategies I need to in order to create effective student learning. Reviewing test scores and planning lessons are vital to student learning, however, I have been so centered on what I am teaching that my students have not been engaged as well as they could be and thus have not learned the subject matters to their full potential. Also, although pacing is important, it should not be of top priority. Top priority should be assessing my students during the lesson and changing strategies, or even the skills being taught, if my students are not engaged. There is no point in plowing through a lesson if the majority of my students are not listening to what is being taught. This new insight will definitely help to drive my instruction and will help make me a more effective teacher. References: Achterbergh,J. , Vriens, D. (May-June 2002). Managing viable knowledge. â€Å"Systems Research and Behavioral Science. † V19i3p223 (19). Cooper, D. E. (Ed. ). (1999). Epistemology: The classic readings. Malden, MA: Blackwell. Feldman R. (2003). Epistemology. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. Hetzner, Amy, 2011. Walk-throughs give school administrators firsthand view of staff in action. JSOnline: Milwaukee, Wisconsin Journal Sentinel. May 14, 2011. Retrieved on November 20, 2012 from: http://www. jsonline. com/news/education/121843078. html Porterville Unified School District, 2012 . PUSD: Vision and mission statements. Retrieved on November 20, 2012 from: http://dnn. portervilleschools. org/dotnetnuke/District/VisionMission. aspx.

Free Essays on Odyssey

Odyssey vs. O’ Brother Where Art Thou This paper compares the Odyssey to O’ Brother Where Art Thou. Even though Homer’s Odyssey was written in Greek times, the movie O’Brother Where Art Thou has many similarities. The Odyssey and O’ Brother each start with an obstacle that keeps the main characters, Odysseus (Odyssey) and Everet (O’Brother), from their homes and their wives for many years. Odysseus is kept from home because he is fighting the war between Troy and Greece, and for Everet it’s prison. When Odysseus escapes, from the war, and Everet escapes, from prison, they both try to return their homeland and their wives. Odysseus and Everet are blessed with meeting a blind prophet that tells them their journey but not what obstacles they will have to overcome. Odysseus first runs into a Cyclops that is the son of Poseidon, the God of the Sea, and when Odysseus barges in, the Cyclops eats 6 of his men. Everet though is traveling with only two other men, Pete and Delmar. When they barge in on Pete’s cousin his cousin turns them into the police. Odysseus believes that the gods didn’t help him by any means and Everet doesn’t believe in gods at all. This lack of faith proves to be wrong for both men at the end of their voyages. Pete and Delmar get baptized and Everet gives them credit for being dumber than a sack of hammers. Just after this they meet a thrill seeker named George Nelson a.k.a. Baby Face Nelson. In the Odyssey, Odysseus runs into Aeolous the cousin of Poseidon says: â€Å"The sea is nothing without the wind.† Aeolous just happened to be the god of the wind and gave Odysseus and his men a wind home and all the bad winds in a bag. I believe that George Nelson is comparable to Aeolous and the Sheriff is comparable to Poseidon. I also believe that the law is nothing without the crime, so George Nelson’s conflict with the Sheriff is comparable to the conflict between Aeolous and Poseidon. Odysseus a... Free Essays on Odyssey Free Essays on Odyssey The Odyssey features many great women of classical fiction, and they represent the spectrum from the benevolent and chaste Penelope to the malevolent and chaotic Sirens. Yet despite their allegiance to good or evil, all of them play a major part in helping our protagonist Odysseus complete his circutious journey home. Although they were valued, the human women, were expected to possess certain traits and occupied a subservient and inferior position. The goddesses were also known for their beauty but possessed a little more power. The most important aspect of a women was her appreance and the children she bore. It meant everything in the Ancient Greece times. If important men and gods consider a woman beautiful, or if her son is a hero or important king, the woman is successful. During the book you will read nothing about a women’s accomplishments in her lifetime. Their only role and only power they posses is their strong influence on men. The whole reason Odyssey had first left his home, was to help retrieve Helen and bring her to her home. To the men a women is a trophy that is to be placed upon the shelves and paraded around like a prize. Women in the Odyssey are very often seen and spoken about as sexual creatures. Penelope, the wife of Odysseus, is one such woman. Penelope was a women of beauty and grace, her suitors all waited for the day she would pick a new husband and as they did she approached them and used her powers to have them bring her gifts on the last night before her belove d husband arrived. â€Å"The suitor’s knees went slack, thier hearts dissolved in lust-all of them lifted prayers to lie beside her, share her bed.† For their beauty they were praised and loved. Throughout the book, everytime a women is mentioned there is a phrase or word that describes her for Penelope it was usually radient. For Athena the goddess, it was bright eyed. Every women was introduced or spoken about in a sexual way a... Free Essays on Odyssey Usually when the word hero is mentioned people tend to think of heroes such as Superman, Batman, and Spiderman. People often forget one of the most important and earliest of our time. The famous Greek poet, Homer, writes of him in one of his most famous works, The Odyssey. His name is Odysseus, King of Ithaca. Odysseus proves his heroism well throughout this story overcoming many obstacles and reaching his goal. All heroes possess three common characteristics. Neither are fools or invincible, each has a goal, and each is beset with many dangers, loneliness, and temptation. One can see after reading this great epic that Odysseus well deserves the title of a hero. The first main characteristic of a hero is that he or she is neither fool nor invincible. Odysseus cunning wit can be seen even before the Odyssey. He was the clever mastermind behind the great wooden horse of Troy. Odysseus again shows off his craftiness when he is found trapped in the cave of the Cyclops. He is able to defeat the Cyclops by using many sly tactics, such as getting the monster drunk and escaping under the bellies of sheep. On the island of Calypso, Odysseus uses his sensible mind on the goddess to assure of his safety once he is set free. Calypso replies, â€Å"what a rogue you are to say such a thing! It shows the crafty way your mind works† (75). Even the gods and noble kings recognize his ingenious mind. Odysseus also proves that he is invincible just as any other mortal man. Poseidon, the unpredictable god of the seas, has it in for Odysseus for killing his son, Polyphemus. Poseidon tortures poor Odysseus throwing him about the dark sea not allowing him t o return home for several years. Odysseus is also struck with the burden of losing his entire crew and being stranded on an island for seven years. His misfortune alone proves him to be invincible. The next main characteristic ever hero acquires is that each has a personal goal they strive to obtain. Ody... Free Essays on Odyssey Odyssey vs. O’ Brother Where Art Thou This paper compares the Odyssey to O’ Brother Where Art Thou. Even though Homer’s Odyssey was written in Greek times, the movie O’Brother Where Art Thou has many similarities. The Odyssey and O’ Brother each start with an obstacle that keeps the main characters, Odysseus (Odyssey) and Everet (O’Brother), from their homes and their wives for many years. Odysseus is kept from home because he is fighting the war between Troy and Greece, and for Everet it’s prison. When Odysseus escapes, from the war, and Everet escapes, from prison, they both try to return their homeland and their wives. Odysseus and Everet are blessed with meeting a blind prophet that tells them their journey but not what obstacles they will have to overcome. Odysseus first runs into a Cyclops that is the son of Poseidon, the God of the Sea, and when Odysseus barges in, the Cyclops eats 6 of his men. Everet though is traveling with only two other men, Pete and Delmar. When they barge in on Pete’s cousin his cousin turns them into the police. Odysseus believes that the gods didn’t help him by any means and Everet doesn’t believe in gods at all. This lack of faith proves to be wrong for both men at the end of their voyages. Pete and Delmar get baptized and Everet gives them credit for being dumber than a sack of hammers. Just after this they meet a thrill seeker named George Nelson a.k.a. Baby Face Nelson. In the Odyssey, Odysseus runs into Aeolous the cousin of Poseidon says: â€Å"The sea is nothing without the wind.† Aeolous just happened to be the god of the wind and gave Odysseus and his men a wind home and all the bad winds in a bag. I believe that George Nelson is comparable to Aeolous and the Sheriff is comparable to Poseidon. I also believe that the law is nothing without the crime, so George Nelson’s conflict with the Sheriff is comparable to the conflict between Aeolous and Poseidon. Odysseus a... Free Essays on Odyssey The Odyssey, written by Homer, tells the story of Odysseus and how he faced misfortune in his attempts to return home after the Trojan war. Odysseus is not famous for his great strength or bravery, but for his ability to deceive and trick. From his misfortunes he learned to be a better man and became able to regain his place in his homeland of Ithaca. During his journeys Odysseus often makes the mistake of bragging to his enemies but learns that doing this gives his enemies a chance to seek revenge against him. After leaving Troy, Odysseus attacks the land of the Cicones. Instead of leaving after his victory he satys to celebrate until a force is gathered against him. He must then flee after many of his men are killed. Afterwards Odysseus and his crew land on the island of the Cyclops. they are attacked and someof the men are eaten by Polyphemus. After getting the giant Cyclops drunk, Odysseus and his medn blind the monster with a spear in his one eye. The could have made an escape without misfortune but Odysseus mocked Polyphemus and shouted his real name, when before Odysseus had told Polyphemus that his name was "Noman". With this new information Polyphemus prays to his father, Peoeidon, to have Odysseus and his men punished. because he agnered Peoceidon, Odysseus must wander throughout the sea while his men slowly die one by o ne. Odysseus learns that bragging can have ill effects and uses this knowledge on the island of Phaecians and Ithaca when he does not openly brag about his deeds and his journeys. Odysseus also learns to pay close attention to the instructions of the gods, or he might have to face a terrible price. When Odysseus and his crew landed at the island of Aeolus, they were given a parting gift that would have helped if they had paid attention to the warnings of Aeolus. He gave Odysseus a bag full of the bad winds tha would keep them from their home of Ithaca. Odysseus and his crew were in sight of the homeland... Free Essays on Odyssey The Social Ritual of Leadership Leadership is an essential part for any group in a society that wants to be successful at whatever it’s trying to accomplish. Without a leader the group will not be able to achieve their goals. The group will instead be lost and confused. However, after that goal has been meet, does the leadership diminish as well? The passion that once was there to lead the group might not exist anymore. The wealth that the group has achieved will most likely outweigh the strength of the leadership that once excited. Also the group’s willingness to listen to their leader will also decrease. In book IX of The Odyssey of Homer, Odysseus’ leadership starts to decline, as his group was able to reach the goal that they had set out to accomplish. The Greeks believed in the importance of social order and rituals, and one of those included having good leadership abilities. Odysseus has always portrayed himself as a true leader. He is the strongest and most powerful out of all of the men. He believed that he was the one that was responsible for leading his men to victory in the first battle against the Kikonians. Odysseus and his men defeated the Kikonians in battle and were rewarded with the war spoils that the Kikonians had to give to them. However, some of Odysseus’s men became greedy and took more possessions than was granted. They were just excited by the new fortunes that they had obtained. They did not listen to Odysseus because they had already gotten what they wanted. This caused the Kikonians to become frustrated by the way Odysseus and his people were dishonoring the social ritual of good hospitality. It will later lead to a second attack by the Kikonians and some of its’ neighbors against Odys seus and his men. This starts to demonstrate the decline of Odysseus’ leadership abilities. In terms of the type of social order that the Greeks believed in, a good leader is someone that... Free Essays on Odyssey BOOK I TELL ME, O MUSE, of that ingenious hero who travelled far and wide after he had sacked the famous town of Troy. Many cities did he visit, and many were the nations with whose manners and customs he was acquainted; moreover he suffered much by sea while trying to save his own life and bring his men safely home; but do what he might he could not save his men, for they perished through their own sheer folly in eating the cattle of the Sun-god Hyperion; so the god prevented them from ever reaching home. Tell me, too, about all these things, O daughter of Jove, from whatsoever source you may know them. So now all who escaped death in battle or by shipwreck had got safely home except Ulysses, and he, though he was longing to return to his wife and country, was detained by the goddess Calypso, who had got him into a large cave and wanted to marry him. But as years went by, there came a time when the gods settled that he should go back to Ithaca; even then, however, when he was among his own people, his troubles were not yet over; nevertheless all the gods had now begun to pity him except Neptune, who still persecuted him without ceasing and would not let him get home. Now Neptune had gone off to the Ethiopians, who are at the world's end, and lie in two halves, the one looking West and the other East. He had gone there to accept a hecatomb of sheep and oxen, and was enjoying himself at his festival; but the other gods met in the house of Olympian Jove, and the sire of gods and men spoke first. At that moment he was thinking of Aegisthus, who had been killed by Agamemnon's son Orestes; so he said to the other gods: "See now, how men lay blame upon us gods for what is after all nothing but their own folly. Look at Aegisthus; he must needs make love to Agamemnon's wife unrighteously and then kill Agamemnon, though he knew it would be the death of him; for I sent Mercury to warn him not to do either ... Free Essays on Odyssey The â€Å"Odyssey† is an epic story that has been a significant piece of literature since it was first composed and will remain so for ages to come. One of the reasons it has been so is because of the hero, Odysseus. Odysseus is one of the first Greek mythic heroes renowned for his brain as well as his muscle. Indeed he is a man with an inquiring mind, and he is also a man with outstanding prowess and bravery. We also must not forget that he is a top-notch athlete which only adds more to this seemingly insuperable character. It is no wonder why many scholars refer to Odysseus as a powerful mythic hero. Odysseus often hesitates before acting, because he uses his reason and gift to evaluate things. This patience is one of his most important additional attributes. This has saved him and his men many of times, and it can be easily seen in various instances throughout his travels such as when he disguised himself as a beggar when he finally reached Ithaca, waiting for the right moment to reveal himself. As great as he was, Odysseus still had some weaknesses that prolonged his voyage back to Ithaca. His most important weakness that he possess is that of his pride. Pride is good to have, but in Odysseus' case he had to much of it. This is clearly evident in the episode on the cyclopes' island. When Odysseus and his men are clearly safe away from the island Odysseus braggs about his exploit. Polythemus hears this and hurls giant boulders in the direction of the ship. A couple came very close to sinking the ship. Still that was not enough for Odysseus. Carried away in his pride he unwisely gave away his identity to Polythemus. With that Polythemus called upon his father, Poseidon, to punish the man who had harmed him. That incident hurt Odysseus more than losing a few men, because Poseidon made his travel home ever so longer and arduous. Yet another weakness of our hero is his sensualness. Odysseus enjoys women. He stayed with Circe fo... Free Essays on Odyssey The tale begins on Mt. Olympus where Athena draws Zeus' attention to Odysseus whose journey has been halted on the island of Calypso. Zeus sends Hermes to have Odysseus released and Athena goes to Ithaca. In Ithaca she assumes a disguise and convinces Telemachus to go on a journey seeking news of his father. Telemachus calls an assembly announcing that the suitors who have besieged his house and have eaten his food for years are in the wrong. He goes to see Nestor at Pylos and Nestor does not know anything recent about his father. Nestor advises him to go to Sparta to see Menelaus. When he gets to Sparta, Menelaus tells him that the last thing he heard about Odysseus was that he was trapped on the island of Calypso. They feast together and talk into the night. Athena reminds Zeus to send Hermes to Calypso and he tells her that Odysseus may leave but under strict conditions: he has to build his own raft. Calypso isn't happy about the command and Odysseus has problems believing her. Once he has built his raft, she gives him food and sends him off. He sails for seventeen days and then his raft is destroyed by Poseidon. He is aided by a nymph and floats for two days to land. He is found by Nausikaa and told to go to the house of her father Alkinoos. Alkinoos hears part of his tale and secures passage for him back to Ithaca. There are athletic games and feasts at which a minstrel sings. The minstrel's songs make Odysseus cry and this makes Alcinoos even more curious about his situation. Alkinoos asks Odysseus if any of his relatives died at Troy and Odysseus begins his tale. He tells them how he left Troy and lost some men in a botched raiding party. Soon after this they came near the land of the Lotus eaters where some of his men were almost lost to the enchanting flower. Then came the island of the cyclops. Odysseus led his men in to investigate and were trapped by Polyphemus, one of the cyclo...

Exordium - Definition and Examples

Exordium s In classical rhetoric, the introductory part of an argument in which a speaker or writer establishes credibility (ethos) and announces the subject and purpose of the discourse. Plural: exordia. Etymology: From the Latin, beginning Observations and Examples: Ancient rhetoricians gave elaborate advice for exordia, since rhetors use this first part of a discourse to establish their ethos as intelligent, reliable, and trustworthy people. Indeed, Quintilian wrote that the sole purpose of the exordium is to prepare our audience in such a way that they will be disposed to lend a ready ear to the rest of our speech (IV i 5). However, in Book II of the Rhetoric, Aristotle contended that the main purpose of the introduction was to make clear what is the end (telos) of the discourse (1515a). Other functions of introductions, according to Aristotle, include making the audience well disposed toward the rhetor and the issue and grabbing their attention.(S. Crowley and D. Hawhee, Ancient Rhetorics for Contemporary Students, Pearson, 2004) Analysis of the Exordium of Dr. Kings I Have a Dream Speech The exordium [paragraphs 2-5] breaks down into two parts, both of which make a similar syllogistic argument while shifting its major premise. The syllogism takes the form of (a) America consists of a promise of freedom, (b) the Negro in America still is not free, therefore, (c) America has defaulted on its promise. The major premise of the first argument is that the Emancipation Proclamation constituted a promise of freedom for Afro-Americans. The major premise of the second argument is that the American Founding as expressed in the Declaration of Independence and Constitution constituted such a promise. In both cases, King argues, the promise has not be fulfilled.Kings exordium is essentially moderate. This is necessary because he must win the attention and trust of his audience before he can make his more militant plea. Having established his ethos, King is now ready for confrontation.(Nathan W. Schlueter, One Dream or Two? Lexington Books, 2002) Exordium of John Miltons Address to His Classmates (An Academic Exercise) The noblest masters of rhetoric have left behind them in various screeds a maxim which can hardly have escaped you, my academic friends, and which says that in every type of speechdemonstrative, deliberative, or judicialthe opening should be designed to win the goodwill of the audience. On those terms only can the minds of the auditors be made responsive and the cause that the speaker has at heart be won. If this be true (andnot to disguise the truthI know that it is a principle established by the vote of the entire learned world), how unlucky I am! What a plight I am in today! In the very first words of my speech, I am afraid that I am going to say something unbecoming to a speaker, and that I shall be obliged to neglect the first and most important duty of an orator. And in fact, what good will can I expect from you when in as great an assembly as this I recognize almost every face within eyeshot as unfriendly to me? I seem to have come to play an orators part before an utterly uns ympathetic audience.(John Milton, Whether Day or Night Is the More Excellent. Prolusions, 1674. Complete Poems and Major Prose, ed. by Merritt Y. Hughes. Prentice Hall, 1957) Cicero on the Exordium The exordium ought always to be accurate and judicious, replete with matter, appropriate in expression, and strictly adapted to the cause. For the commencement, constituting the introduction and recommendation of the subject, should tend immediately to mollify the hearer and conciliate his favor. . . .Every exordium ought either to have reference to the entire subject under consideration, or to form an introduction and support, or a graceful and ornamental approach to it, bearing, however, the same architectural proportion to the speech as the vestibule and avenue to the edifice and temple to which they lead. In trifling and unimportant causes, therefore, it is often better to commence with a simple statement without any preamble. . . .Let the exordium also be so connected with the succeeding parts of the discourse that it may not appear artificially attached, like the prelude of the musician, but a coherent member of the same body. It is the practice of some speakers, after having p ut forth a most elaborately finished exordium, to make such a transition to what follows, that they seem solely intent upon drawing attention to themselves.(Cicero, De Oratore, 55 BC) Pronunciation: egg-ZOR-dee-yum Also Known As: entrance, prooemium, prooimion

W7 Asign Environmental Performance Management Essay

W7 Asign Environmental Performance Management - Essay Example An example of CSR is the fashion store Pax Cult donating 10% of its income to an organization the customer chooses. (Fallon, N., 2014) Another is Microsoft giving over than $900 million worth of cash and software to nonprofit organizations worldwide in 2012, reducing its carbon emissions by 30% per unit of revenue and making its biggest investment in overall employee compensation. (O’Reilly, L., 2013) A research conducted to know the 100 most reputable companies in the world discovered that 42% of the participants’ feelings about a company is founded on how socially responsible a company is. (Forbes) This is something corporations now consider as significant information seeing that the more customers are pleased with a company, the more likely that they will do business with it. As a result, companies have incorporated practices echoing social responsibility in their corporate culture and have come up with measures to keep these practices in check. Corporate social responsibility has to do with companies and the effect of their operations on the community and the environment. A company’s reputation is influenced by the negative or positive effect it has on society. Consumers, the company’s source of income, tend to patronize corporations that promote or support the well-being of people and do its share in taking care of the environment. As such, it is important for companies to know how much they are aligned to the standards for CSR. This is where the problem lies as companies strive to find the right formula to measure CSR. A professor of International Business, Global Business Strategy and International Business Strategy at Warwick, Kamel Mellahi (2013) writes that although there are measures to use in determining CSR, there are problems with such methods. One of the measures in place is the Reputation Index, which asks observers to rate a firm’s impact on

HSBC as a Financial Service Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

HSBC as a Financial Service - Assignment Example They also are a provider of a large number of financial services to a large number of customers. These services include Commercial banking, Personal Financial Services, Private Banking and Global Banking and Markets (HSBC, 2010). Lloyd’s is one of the well known and trusted financial institutions. It has grown over the years to become one of the globally recognized and prominent figures in Dow Jones index and FTSE 100. It has been one of the greatest British institutions that have developed itself into the global business. The rating agencies have recognized the organization by providing the securities high rates that shows that the firm has been performing well (Lloyd’s, 2010). Marketing of the financial services has been one of the recent phenomena even in the developed nations of the world. The financial service sector has not been subjected to the market pressure in an attempt to survive and prosper. This sector has operated in the benign market environment in most of the countries and has been managed and controlled by the state itself. The government has helped in the development of the new products as well as in the promotional activities. The strategic marketing planning helps to set the direction for the medium to long-term. In order to complement the strategic marketing plan, it would be best for the companies to have an annual marketing plan in order to achieve the short term marketing objectives (Ennew & Waite, 2007). The main strategy of the HSBC Bank has been to build its position as the leader in the international as well as the emerging markets. It tries to pay the employees according to their performances that include market-based pay. The bank has a transparent structure that is based on the separately capitalized subsidiaries. It also takes a conservative approach to the liquidity management and has developed its business in such a way that helps to provide diversified and broad global services.

Why is the auto accident rate higher for teenagers than for all Essay

Why is the auto accident rate higher for teenagers than for all drivers - Essay Example Slow decision-making and slower reflexes on the other hand affect old people and account for most accidents involving the elderly. In the United States of America, the number of fatalities because of adolescent accidents in the year 2008 was 6,428 people (Teenage Driver Crash Statistics). Most these people were in other vehicles or passengers of the accident causing adolescents. The states of Florida and California recorded the highest numbers of accidents involving adolescents in the year 2008 at 516 and 593 respectively. Of these people, 2793 people were the young drivers, the rest either their passengers or outside parties involved in the accident (Teenage Driver Crash Statistics). Clearly, there is need for action to bring these numbers down. However, to improve the statistics, it is important to understand young drivers and the factors that lead to their involvement in road accidents. Owing to their inexperience in the roads, young people have low abilities to detect hazards, such as slippery roads (Teenage Driver Crash Statistics). This makes them vulnerable and in some cases results in accidents. For example, the case of slippery roads, due to rain or any other factor reduces friction between the tires and the roads and between the brakes and the wheels. This results in brake failure that in turn leads to accidents and loss of life. Loss of friction between the road and the tires also results to loss of control of the car, change of direction at relatively normal speeds may result in skidding and consequently an accident. Failure of perception of this risk by adolescents therefore results in road accidents. Adolescent egocentrism also leads to poor hazard detection. Adolescents have naà ¯ve idealism, which leads to perception of things, as they would be in an ideal world. For example, an adolescent is likely to ignore the driving of

Chronic Expanding Hematoma in the Chest

Chronic Expanding Hematoma in the Chest A case of chronic expanding hematoma presenting as a huge mass in the chest Abstract: A 42-year-old man presented with a huge mass in the chest. The disease was recognized as a complain of chest pain and was successfully resected by surgery. He had a history of blunt chest injury 25 years ago. Magnetic resonance T2-weighted imaging demonstrated a mosaic pattern of various signal intensities. In cases of an intrathoracic mass with this imaging feature, with combined a past history of blunt chest injury, we should consider the existence of a chronic expanding hematoma. Keywords:Hematoma; thoracic tumor; chest injury; diagnosis Introduction Chronic expanding hematoma in the chest is a rare condition that often develops after thoracic surgery, thoracic injury or tuberculous pleuritis (1-4). In general, hematomas are naturally reabsorbed and rarely cause serious problems. Thoracic hematomas that develop slowly without symptoms until the mass compresses other organs are often difficult to early detection. Surgical removal is the first treatment for thoracic hematomas, but it is not easy to achieve a complete resection because of the presence of a dense fibrous adhesion to adjacent tissues (3-5). Herein, we describe a patient, with a history of blunt chest injury 25 years ago, who exhibited a huge chronic expanding hematoma in the chest treated by surgical resection successfully. Case report A 42-year-old man was admitted to our hospital complaining of chest dull pain. He did not have any other symptoms and had no history of thoracic operation or pulmonary disorders including tuberculosis. Twenty-five years earlier, at the age of 17, the patient had a blunt chest injury after a fight for which he did not seek medical help. He was a heavy smoker for 26 years. Physical and lab examination revealed no positive findings. Chest X-ray revealed a huge mass shadow in the anterior mediastinum, with few pleural effusion in the left pleural cavity. Computed tomography (CT) revealed a huge intrathoracic mass (10.2cmÃâ€"13.3cmÃâ€"17.9cm) with a tissue density adhered to the left pericardium (Figure 1). Calcification was not detected in the mass. Left pleural cavity had a moderate pleural effusion. The tissue content in the mass was not obvious enhanced following contrast administration. T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed the mass containing various signal intensi ties, just like a mosaic pattern (Figure 2). Diagnostic thoracocentesis of the left pleural effusion was performed, but cytological examination showed only erythrocytes with a few inflammatory cells. Although we could not reach a conclusive diagnosis, our preoperative diagnoses were benign or low malignant tumors including teratoma, chronic empyema and aneurysmal bone cyst. In addition, the probability of complete resection of the lesion is higher than incomplete resection based on the preoperative imaging evaluation. So a surgical resection of the lesion was decided. A left posterolateral thoracotomy along the 5th intercostal space with combined a cut off of the 5th and 6th posterior rib was performed for the purpose of obtaining a wide operative field. The mass which located in the left anterior mediastinu had a thickened and hard capsule, and was completely adhered to thymus, pericardium and part of upper lobe of left lung. Diaphragm just had a mild adhesion to the mass. Completely resection of the huge mass was achieved, including most thymus, most left parietal pericardium and partial upper lobe of left lung. The total operation time was 140 minutes and the total blood loss was 250 ml. Macroscopic observations showed that the resected mass contained a dense fibrous capsule with hemorrhagic materials and necrotic tissues (Figure 3). Pathological examination showed that the mass was an old hematoma surrounded by dense fibrous tissues and the center was consisted of fresh and old hemorrhages (Figure 4). There was no evidence of malignancy or infection in the mass, thymus, pericardium and lung. The postoperative course was uneventful and the patient's chest dull pain disappeared. The patient was discharged without complications. There was no sign of recurrence for two months after the operation. Discussion Chronic expanding hematoma first advocated by Reid et al (6). is a rare clinicopathologic entity that can occur in various locations, such as scrotum, kidney, thigh, retroperitoneum, cerebrum and chest (6-9). The most frequently reports of chronic expanding hematoma was occured in the cerebrum, followed by occurred in the chest. The majority of reports of chronic expanding hematoma in the chest were come from Japan (1,3,5,10). To the best of our knowledge, this present case was the first case reported in China. Chronic expanding hematoma in the chest often develops after thoracic surgery, thoracic injury or tuberculous pleuritis (1-4). It can also develop in the absence of thoracic surgical treatment, injury or inflammatory disorders (5,10). A hematoma persists and increases in size more than one month after the initial hemorrhage is a chronic expanding hematoma. It is still unclear why hematomas grow continuously. Labadie and Glover (11) proposed a theory that microscopic hematomas forming after theinitial hemorrhage do not resolve naturally, and slowly grow due to repeated organization and hemorrhage from new fragile microvessels beneath the fibrous capsule. Various blood factors and its breakdown products that have inflammatory properties, are possibly associated with repeated exudation or hemorrhage from fragile microvessels resulting in inflammation. As was seen in our case, we presumed that the initial hemorrhage was caused by the blunt chest injury 25 years ago, and then the hematoma grow slowly due to repeated organization and hemorrhage from the fragile microvessels in the granulation tissue. Respiratory movements, heart beating or constant coughing under a negative pleural pressure favor the growth of thoracic hematomas to become a larger one than other locations (5). The diagnosis of chronic expanding hematoma in the chest is difficult due to its rarity, especially for those that develop slowly in patients with no history of surgery, trauma or tuberculosis. Chronic expanding hematoma in the chest should be differentiate from teratoma, chronic empyema or aneurysmal bone cyst (5). MRI has an important significance in diagnosis of chronic expanding hematoma. The mosaic pattern of various signal intensities on T2-weighted MRI was reported as specific feature of chronic expanding hematoma (10,12). These various signal intensities indicated fresh and old blood caused by repeated hemorrhage over time. MRI results showed a good correlation with pathology of the disease. Conclusions We conclude that the following characteristics may be helpful in diagnosing chronic expanding hematoma in the chest: (1) have a long course of disease with few symptoms; (2) once received chest surgery, had a history of chest injury or tuberculous pleuritis occurred; (3) T2-weighted MRI presents a mosaic pattern of various signal intensities; (4) preoperative biopsy of the lesion without positive found. Chronic expanding hematoma in the chest remains a very rare disease. However, it should be considered in the differential diagnosis when a patient has a mass in the chest with the above characteristics. Figure 1 Chest CT scan revealed a huge intrathoracic mass with a tissue density adhered to the left pericardium and a moderate pleural effusion in the left pleural cavity. Figure 2 T2-weighted MRI demonstrated a large well-defined mass in the chest, with a mosaic pattern of various signal intensities. Figure 3 Macroscopic observations showed that the resected mass contained a dense fibrous capsule with hemorrhagic materials and necrotic tissues. Figure 4 Pathological examination showed an old hematoma surrounded by fibrous tissues and revealed some dilated microvessels and blood stasis.